非晶合金宇航服役热环境下蠕变行为研究

通过宏观尺度蠕变实验,在宇航服役环境范围内,对锆基非晶合金蠕变行为进行了研究。结果表明,在200℃时,非晶合金未发生显著的压缩蠕变,其长期变形比率与自由体积的增值数值变化存在表观一致,说明自由体积作为孕育形成剪切带的初始结构单元,在非晶合金蠕变变形中具有重要作用。在300℃时,非晶合金在低于屈服强度和玻璃转变温度的条件下,发生了显著的压缩和拉伸蠕变,实验结果给出了在宇航热环境下非晶合金的可靠服役热环境边界和载荷包络。锆基非晶合金服役温度不超过200℃,载荷不超过1000 MPa。     

Microstructure evolution and plastic mechanism in deformation of bulk amorphous Al2O3-ZrO2-Y2O3

In this work, compressive deformation is performed on bulk amorphous Al₂O₃-ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ at moderate temperatures. The amorphous samples display brittle fracture without any noticeable permanent strain at 500 °C. However, a large plastic strain of up to 15.1% is achieved at 600 °C. During the entire compressive deformation process, the samples remain amorphous, and shear bands start to form, accompanied by a stress drop. The amorphous AZY shows low Vickers hardness value of 2.8 GPa at 500 °C, and 2.2 GPa at 600 °C, due to the disordering microstructure. In the optical microscope images, local plastic deformation are detected around the indention without large cracks. Transmission electron microscopic observations and selected area electron diffraction analysis suggest that the shear band formation originates from the presence of free volume. Furthermore, the nucleation and propogation of shear bands lead to the large macroscopic plastic strain in the bulk amorphous Al₂O₃-ZrO₂-Y₂O₃.     

The control of paracetamol particle size and surface morphology through crystallisation in a spray dryer

The parameters governing the crystallisation of paracetamol using various conventional techniques has been extensively studied, however the factors influencing the drug crystallisation using spray drying is not as well understood. The aim of this work was to investigate the crystallisation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient through evaporative crystallisation using a spray dryer to study the physicochemical properties of the drug and to use semi-empirical equations to gain insight into the morphology and particle size of the dried powder. Paracetamol solutions were spray dried at various inlet temperatures ranging from 60 °C to 120 °C and also from a series of inlet feed solvent compositions ranging from 50/50% v/v ethanol/water to 100% ethanol and solid-state characterisation was done. The size and morphology of the dried materials were altered with a change in spray drying parameters, with an increase in inlet temperature leading to an increase in particle Sauter mean diameter (from 3.0 to 4.4 µm) and a decrease in the particle size with an increase in ethanol concentration in the feed (from 4.6 to 4.4 µm) as a result of changes in particle density and atomised droplet size. The morphology of the dried particles consisted of agglomerates of individual crystallites bound together into larger semi-spherical agglomerates with a higher tendency for particles having crystalline ridges to form at higher ethanol concentrations of the feed.     

间隙填充电弧增材制造对表面质量的影响

针对单层多道增材制造,提出一种新的搭接模型——间隙填充模型。研究间隙填充模型对多道焊缝表面质量的影响,发现基体中心间距和接触角对成形件表面质量有重大影响。通过计算平均高度、总熔宽、方差和极差定量比较间隙填充模型和传统搭接模型的表面质量。结果表明:间隙填充模型沉积的多道焊缝表面质量明显优于传统搭接模型,提升了表面质量,节约了材料和时间成本。     

PVA纤维体积率对PVA-ECC力学性能的影响

使用国产基体材料并利用铁尾矿砂细骨料替代天然砂,掺入长度为12mm的PVA纤维,制备铁尾矿砂细骨料PVA纤维水泥基复合材料(PVA-ECC),并通过实验研究了PVA纤维体积率对PVA-ECC性能的影响。实验结果表明:PVA-ECC的工作性能和基本力学性能稳定,制备工艺满足要求。PVA纤维体积率对提高PVA-ECC抗压强度的作用不明显,体积率在1.6%~2%时,PVA-ECC破坏后的整体性较好,体积率为2%时最佳,但过量的PVA纤维掺入会降低其抗压强度。PVA纤维体积率对PVA-ECC韧性的影响显著,体积率在1.6%~2%时,韧性明显增加,体积率为2%时的效果最佳,其极限荷载和抗弯强度达到峰值,弯曲韧性指标显著增大,试件破坏前出现多缝开裂现象,呈现韧性破坏特征;通过韧性指数法判定PVA-ECC为韧性材料。     

Identification of factors that accelerate hydrogen production by Clostridium butyricum RAK25832 using casamino acids as a nitrogen source

The ability of Clostridium butyricum RAK25832 to use casamino acids as a nitrogen source was investigated. Strain RAK25832 showed the capacity to utilize different types of carbon sources. With glucose as a carbon source (10 g/L), the preferred final concentration of casamino acids was 26.67 g/L, with a cumulative hydrogen production, production rate, and yield of 2505 mL H₂/L, 160 mL/h, and 1.81 mol H₂/mol glucose, respectively. Eighteen metal elements were screened to identify the most important metals for biohydrogen production, and four elements were optimized. The optimal medium composition was MgCl₂·6H₂O (0.1 g/L), K₂HPO₄·3H₂O (6.67 g/L), NaHCO₃ (2.6 g/L), and FeCl₂·4H₂O (0.002 g/L). Vitamin supplementation of the medium showed no significant effect on hydrogen production. Under the optimized conditions, cumulative hydrogen production reached 3074 mL H₂/L. This is the first study to demonstrate the use of casamino acids as a nitrogen source by C. butyricum.